Patriarch Moran Mor Anthony III Peter Khoraish (September 20, 1907 – August 19, 1994), (or ''Antonios Boutros Khoraish'', ''Antoine Pierre Khreich'', ''Khraish'', ''Khoraiche'', ar, أنطونيوس الثالث بطرس خريش), was the 75th Maronite Patriarch of Antioch and the Whole Levant from 1975 until his resignation in 1986, and a cardinal of the

Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

. He died on August 19, 1994.

Biography

Patriarch Anthony Khoraish was born on September 20, 1907, in

Ain Ebel ʿAin Ebel ( ar, عين إبل; Syriac: ), the ancient 'En Bol, is a village located in the Lebanese Upper Galilee in the Caza of Bint Jbeil in the Nabatiye Governorate in Lebanon. Etymology Historian Taissier Khalaf writes that the name of th ...

, a small village in the

Southern Lebanon Southern Lebanon () is the area of Lebanon comprising the South Governorate and the Nabatiye Governorate. The two entities were divided from the same province in the early 1990s. The Rashaya and Western Beqaa Districts, the southernmost distri ...

. He was a distinguished student at the local primary school in the village, and his devoutness to his faith lead him at the age of 13 to Rome where he began his philosophical and theological studies at the

Pontifical Urbaniana University The Pontifical Urban University, also called the ''Urbaniana'' after its names in both Latin and Italian,; it, Pontificia Università Urbaniana. is a pontifical university under the authority of the Congregation for the Evangelization of People ...

. He received his doctorate in philosophy at the age of 16 and returned to

Beirut Beirut, french: Beyrouth is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region. The city is situated on a peninsula at the midpoint o ...

Lebanon Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to Lebanon–Syria border, the north and east and Israel to Blue ...

where he continued his post-doctoral theological studies at the

Université Saint-Joseph Saint Joseph University of Beirut ( French: ''Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth'', abbreviated to and commonly known as "USJ") is a private Catholic research university located in Beirut, Lebanon, which was founded in 1875 by French Jes ...

Priesthood

He was ordained as

priest A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in partic ...

Maronite Patriarch of Antioch This is a list of the Maronite patriarchs of Antioch and all the East, the Primate (bishop), primate of the Maronite Church, one of the Eastern Catholic Churches. Starting with Paul Peter Massad in 1854, after becoming patriarch of the Maronite Ca ...

Anthony Peter Arida Anthony II Peter Arida (August 2, 1863 – May 19, 1955) (or ''Selim Ben Abdel Ahad Arida'', ''Antoine Boutros Arida'', ar, أنطونيوس الثاني بطرس عريضة) was bishop of the Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Tripoli and 73rd ...

at the Cathedral of Tyre in South

on April 12, 1930, where he also taught at the local

Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

school. From 1930 to 1940, he was also a faculty member of Sagesse School in

teaching philosophy and apologetics, patriarchal vicar of Palestine from 1936 to 1940 and president of the Maronite tribunal in the Holy Land. He was appointed vicar general of the archdiocese of Tyre of the Maronites, and served there from 1940 to 1950.

Episcopate

On April 25, 1950

Pope The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...

Pius XII Pius ( , ) Latin for "pious", is a masculine given name. Its feminine form is Pia. It may refer to: People Popes * Pope Pius (disambiguation) * Antipope Pius XIII (1918-2009), who led the breakaway True Catholic Church sect Given name * Pius ...

appointed him auxiliary bishop of

Sidon Sidon ( ; he, צִידוֹן, ''Ṣīḏōn'') known locally as Sayda or Saida ( ar, صيدا ''Ṣaydā''), is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located in the South Governorate, of which it is the capital, on the Mediterranean coast. ...

of the Maronites, and

Titular Bishop A titular bishop in various churches is a bishop who is not in charge of a diocese. By definition, a bishop is an "overseer" of a community of the faithful, so when a priest is ordained a bishop, the tradition of the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox ...

of Tarsus of the Maronites, and on October 15, 1950, he was consecrated as such by Patriarch

and his co-consecrators were

Ignace Ziadé Ignatius Ziadé (also Ignace Ziade; ar, إغناطيوس زياده, 26 January 1906 in Herharaya, Lebanon – 31 March 1994 in Beirut, Lebanon) was the Archbishop of the Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Aleppo and the Maronite Catholic Archepar ...

, Archeparch of Aleppo and

François Ayoub François Ayoub (born on 11 July 1899 in Aleppo, Syria - died on 2 June 1966) was a Syrian Archbishop of the Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Aleppo and the Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Cyprus. Life On 16 May 1925, Françoise Ayoub was ordai ...

, Archeparch of Cyprus,. From 1955 he was also

Apostolic administrator An Apostolic administration in the Catholic Church is administrated by a prelate appointed by the pope to serve as the ordinary for a specific area. Either the area is not yet a diocese (a stable 'pre-diocesan', usually missionary apostolic adm ...

of Sidon. On November 25, 1957, he was appointed Eparch of Sidon of the Maronites. As bishop, he attended four seasons of the

Second Vatican Council The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, commonly known as the , or , was the 21st ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church. The council met in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome for four periods (or sessions), each lasting between 8 and ...

from 1962 to 1965. He became administrator delegate of the

Patriarchate of Antioch Patriarch of Antioch is a traditional title held by the bishop of Antioch (modern-day Antakya, Turkey). As the traditional "overseer" (ἐπίσκοπος, ''episkopos'', from which the word ''bishop'' is derived) of the first gentile Christian c ...

of the Maronites in 1974. He was also episcopal delegate for the Maronite seminaries and president of the executive commission of the Inter-ritual Assembly of Patriarchs and Bishops of Lebanon.

Patriarchate

Anthony Peter Khoraish visits Ronald Reagan

He was elected

Patriarch of Antioch and All the East Patriarch of Antioch is a traditional title held by the bishop of Antioch (modern-day Antakya, Turkey). As the traditional "overseer" (ἐπίσκοπος, ''episkopos'', from which the word ''bishop'' is derived) of the first gentile Christian c ...

on February 3, 1975, following the death of the previous patriarch. His confirmation as Patriarch was made by

Holy See The Holy See ( lat, Sancta Sedes, ; it, Santa Sede ), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of R ...

on February 15, 1975. As Patriarch, he attended the IV Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops in

Vatican City Vatican City (), officially the Vatican City State ( it, Stato della Città del Vaticano; la, Status Civitatis Vaticanae),—' * german: Vatikanstadt, cf. '—' (in Austria: ') * pl, Miasto Watykańskie, cf. '—' * pt, Cidade do Vati ...

on September 30, 1977. Patriarch Khoraish was from 1975 to 1985 chairman of the synod of the Maronite Church and chairman of the Assembly of Catholic Patriarchs and Bishops in Lebanon. During his Patriarchate, the blessed

Charbel Charbel or Sharbel may refer to: Religion * Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Saint Charbel in Buenos Aires, named after St. Charbel Makhlouf * ''Acts of Sharbel'', a Syriac Christian martyrdom text People Mononym * Charbel (martyr) (died 107 AD) ...

Makhlouf was declared Saint of the Universal Church in an imposing ceremony at Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome on October 9, 1977.

Cardinalate

On February 2, 1983, he was the second Maronite Patriarch to be created Cardinal. He was - as usual of Eastern Catholic Patriarchs, as a result of the

motu proprio In law, ''motu proprio'' (Latin for "on his own impulse") describes an official act taken without a formal request from another party. Some jurisdictions use the term ''sua sponte'' for the same concept. In Catholic canon law, it refers to a ...

Ad purpuratorum patrum collegium

Pope Paul VI Pope Paul VI ( la, Paulus VI; it, Paolo VI; born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini, ; 26 September 18976 August 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his death in Augus ...

, with motu proprio For purpuratorum Patrum Collegium, published on 11 February 1965 ruled that the Patriarchs of the Eastern rite undertaken in the Sacred College of Cardinals did not belong to the clergy of Rome and, therefore, can not be assigned their no title or diaconate. The Patriarchs cardinals belong to the order of cardinal bishops and, in the hierarchy, are located immediately after them. Maintain their patriarchal and is not assigned them any suburbicarian. - a cardinal-bishop without granting a suburbicarian diocese. As Cardinal, he attended the VI Ordinary Assembly of the World Synod of Bishops in Vatican City on September 29, 1983. Sister Rafqa Pietra Choboq Ar-Rayès (also known as Saint Rafka), a Lebanese nun of Hamlaya, was declared Blessed at Saint Peter's Basilica on November 17, 1985. On April 3, 1986, he resigned as Maronite Patriarch of Antioch. He died on August 19, 1994, in Beirut and was buried at the see of the Maronite Catholic Patriarchate in Bkerké,

Consecrations

During his patriarchate Khoraish ordained these Maronite eparchs: *

Roland Aboujaoudé Roland Aboujaoudé (7 September 1930 – 2 May 2019) was a Lebanese Catholic Maronite eparch of the Maronite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch. Life Roland Aboujaoudé was born on 7 September 1930 in Jal-Edib, Lebanon. He was ordained priest o ...

, Titular bishop of Arca in Phoenicia dei Maroniti and Auxiliary bishop in the Maronite Patriarchate of Antioch *

Ibrahim Hélou Ibrahim Hélou (27 March 1925 in Jezzine, Lebanon – 3 February 1996) was a Lebanese eparch of the Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Sidon. Life Ibrahim Hélou was born in Jezzine, Lebanon. On 22 December 1951 he was ordained to the priesthood. ...

, Eparch of Sidon *

Antoine Joubeir Antoine Joubeir (18 August 1918 in Salvador Brazil – 4 June 1994 in Lebanon) was an Archeparch of the Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Tripoli in Lebanon. Life Antoine Joubeir was consecrated priest on November 8, 1942. On 12 July 1975 he was a ...

, Titular Archbishop of Apamea in Syria dei Maroniti and Auxiliary bishop of Tripoli *

Georges Abi-Saber Georges Abi-Saber, O.L.M. (May 12, 1923 – August 26, 2015) was a Lebanese Hierarch of Maronite Church and former eparch of the Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Latakia and Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Saint Maron of Montreal. Life Abi-Saber was b ...

OLM The olm or proteus (''Proteus anguinus'') is an aquatic salamander in the family Proteidae, the only exclusively cave-dwelling chordate species found in Europe. In contrast to most amphibians, it is entirely aquatic, eating, sleeping, and br ...

, Eparch of Latakia in Syria * Georges Skandar, Eparch of Zahlé *

Paul Fouad Tabet Paul Fouad Tabet (28 November 1929 – 20 July 2009) was a Lebanese-born Catholic prelate of the Maronite Church, who spent many years in the diplomatic service of the Holy See. He became an archbishop in 1980 and from 1980 to 2005 served as apo ...

, Titular Archbishop of Sinna (Apostolic Nuncio) *

John George Chedid John George Chedid (Arabic: جون جورج شديد) (July 4, 1923, in Edde, Lebanon – March 21, 2012) was a Lebanese-born American Maronite hierarch. He served as the first Bishop of the Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon of Los ...

Titular bishop of Callinicum dei Maroniti and Auxiliary bishop of Brooklyn in the United States *

Elias Shaheen Elias Shaheen or Elias Chahine (in Arabic الياس شاهين) (20 July 1914 in Ebrine, Lebanon – 5 December 1991) was the first bishop of the Maronite Church in Canada and in 1985 was appointed Archbishop of the Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Sa ...

(Chahine), Eparch of Montréal in Canada * Emile Eid, Titular bishop of Sarepta dei Maroniti and Curia Bishop in Rome Khoraish was also co-consecrator of these Maronite eparchs: * Michel Doumith, Eparchy of Tyre * Joseph Khoury, Auxiliary Bishop of Ptolemais in Phoenicia dei Maroniti * João Chedid, OMM, Titular bishop of Arca in Phoenicia dei Maroniti

Sources

* Great Encyclopedia of

John Paul II Pope John Paul II ( la, Ioannes Paulus II; it, Giovanni Paolo II; pl, Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła ; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his ...

, Edipresse Warsaw 2005, . * Lentz, Harris M. (2002). Popes and Cardinals of the 20th Century: A Biographical Dictionary. McFarland & Company. pp. 98–99. . * Antonios Khoreiche, in: International Biographical Archive 44/1994 of 24 October 1994, in the Munzinger archive (beginning of the article freely available): http://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000014219

References

External links

* http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/said1.htm * * http://www.kobayat.org/data/maronites/patriarchs.htm#khreich * http://www.university-directory.eu/Lebanon/La-Sagesse-University.html {{DEFAULTSORT:Khoraish, Anthony Peter Lebanese cardinals Lebanese Maronites 1907 births 1994 deaths Maronite Patriarchs of Antioch Participants in the Second Vatican Council People from South Lebanon Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II Saint Joseph University alumni Pontifical Urban University alumni Eastern Catholic bishops in Lebanon